We have continued our effort to verify a calculation model for use with determining the flow rates of two-phase fluid through orifices based on the data of Richardson, et al.1 In that work, they have…

For heat input to two phase systems with a phase change, the vaporization of the liquid forms the basis for the required relief rate, ignoring the expansion of the individual phases. For these systems, the…

For heat input to two phase systems without a phase change, the expansion of the individual phases causes a displacement of the phase in contact with the relief device, and that displacement is the basis…

For heat input to single phase systems, the heat input, heat capacity, and cubic expansion coefficient are used to obtain a required relief rate. The relief requirements discussed below are for heating or cooling of…

When heat is transferred to a liquid that can vaporize, the phase change is usually the most significant contributor to the overall change in density, and any individual phase expansions are typically ignored. One key…

When heat is transferred to or from a single phase fluid, that fluid will expand or contract, and the isobaric cubic expansion coefficient is used to characterize that expansion. Usually this expansion coefficient is taken…

When evaluating the effect of heat input or removal from a closed system, the rate of heat transfer needs to be identified. Common heat transfer techniques, usually assuming a constant value, are employed while recognizing…

For overpressure scenarios involving heat input to a multi-component fluid, with subsequent vaporization of that fluid and relief of the vapors generated, a question arises: what is the effective heat of vaporization that should be…

When performing pressure relief analysis, the blocked system outlet is one of the most common overpressure scenarios requiring consideration.  A blocked system outlet can occur on almost any piece of equipment.  A blocked outlet may…

In a reciprocating compressor, a failure of the packing material around the rod can allow high pressure gases from the cylinder to enter into the distance piece that separates the cylinder housing from the compressor…